Water pollution: Sources, Effects & Preventions

Water pollution, discharge from groundwater or lakes, streams, rivers, rivers, and seas to the extent that things interfere with water use or natural ecosystems. In addition to the release of substances, such as chemicals or microorganisms, water pollution can also involve the release of energy, in the form of radioactivity or heat, into water bodies.

Some of the most common water pollutant sources are-

• Household Waste
• Industrial wastewater
• Pesticides and pesticides
• Cosmetics and fertilizers

Some water gets polluted by direct sources, such as factories, waste management facilities purifiers etc, which directly dispose of waste and hazardous products in a nearby water source without repair. Indirect sources include pollutants entering the body of water by groundwater or through soil or atmosphere such as acid rain.

Major effects of water pollution-

• Destruction of biodiversity: – Water pollution depletes the aquatic environment and causes an uncontrolled increase in phytoplankton in lakes – eutrophication.

• Contamination of food chain: – Fishing in wastewater and the use of wastewater for livestock and agriculture can be toxic to food that is harmful to our health when consumed.

• Lack of drinking water: – The UN says that billions of people worldwide do not have access to safe drinking water or sanitation, especially in rural areas.

• Diseases: – The WHO estimates that some 2 million people have no choice but to drink contaminated water, which exposes them to diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A, and diarrhea.

• Infant mortality: – According to the UN, diarrheal diseases associated with poor hygiene cause the death of an estimated 1,000 children a day worldwide.

Prevention of water pollution- Half of the world’s population will live in dehydrated areas by 2025, so every drop of polluted water today is irreparable losses tomorrow. That is why we should avoid water pollution by measures such as the following:

• Reduce CO2 emissions to prevent global warming and sea acidification.
• Reduce the use of chemical and chemical pesticides on plants.
• Reduce and safely treat contaminated water so that, and not contaminated, it can be reused for irrigation and energy production.
• Prevent the use of single-use plastics that end up floating in rivers, lakes and oceans, as many as microplastics.
• Encourage sustainable fishing to ensure the survival of species and to avoid depletion of oceans.

Also, Water pollution, to a large extent, can be controlled in a variety of ways. Instead of dumping sewage into the bodies of water, it is better to fix it before removing it. Practicing this can reduce the initial toxicity and the remaining substances can be degraded and made harmless by the water body itself. If secondary water treatment is done, this can also be applied to hygiene programs and agricultural sectors.

A very special plant, Water Hyacinth can absorb toxic solvents such as cadmium and other such substances. Establishing this in regions that prefer such types of pollution will reduce the worst effects.

Other chemical reactions that help control water pollution are rain, ion exchange processes, reversing osmosis, and thickening. As a human being, reusing, reducing, and reusing where possible will improve the long-term approach to overcoming the effects of water pollution.